Question Tags

QUESTION TAGS

İngilizce de “tag question” cümleleri arkasından kısa bir soru cümlesi alan özel ifade şeklidir. Cümlenin sonundaki bu küçük soru ifadesi "question tag" olarak ifade edilir.

Bu tür cümle yapılarını daha çok “haklı mıyım?” veya “ayni fikirde misin?” gibi anlamlarda karşımızdaki insandan onaylamak istediğimiz bir düşünceyi sormak için kullanırız. İngilizce de günlük dil yapısı içinde çok sık kullanılır.

Bu tür soru yapılarının temel özellikleleri ana cümlenin olumsuz yada olumlu olmalarına göre değişir. Ana cümle olumlu bir cümle ise “question tag” olumsuz, eğer ana cümle olumsuz ise “question tag” olumlu olur.

Olumlu cümle, olumsuz “tag question” örneklerini inceleyelim;

· You are coming, aren't you?
· We have finished, haven't we?
· You do like coffee, don't you? (Bu cümlede like'dan önce kullanılan 'do' vurgu amaçlıdır.
· You like coffee, don't you?
· They will help, won't they?
· I can come, can't I?
· He should try harder, shouldn't he?
· You are English, aren't you?
· You were just going to say something, weren’t you?
· You've had your hair cut, have you?
· That must be Graham's brother, musn’t it?
· You have to go, don't you?
· I have been answering, haven't I?

Olumsuz cümle, olumlu tag question örneklerini inceleyelim;

· It isn't raining, is it?
· You don't like coffee, do you?
· They will not help, will they?
· They won't report us, will they?
· We mustn't tell her, must we?
· He shouldn't drive so fast, should he?
· You aren't English, are you?
· John was not there, was he?
· You couldn't watch the children for a few minutes, could you?
· They won't expect to be given dinner, will they?
· She doesn't seem to be very happy today, does she?
· You didn't invite John, did you

Olumlu bir cümlede, Özne birinci tekil şahıs olarak ifade edilmiş ise question tag “aren’t I?” yada “am I not?” olarak ifade edilir. Olumsuz cümlede “am I?” olarak kullanılır

· I am right, aren't I?
· I'm at fault this time, aren’t I ?
· I am not late, am I

Düz cümlenin sonuna, o cümlede kullanılan zaman (tense) yada kip (modal) in yardımcı fiili getirilerek, cümle soru cümlesine dönüştürülür. Olumlu cümlenin sonuna olumsuz yardımcı fiil; olumsuz cümlenin sonuna ise olumlu yardımcı fiil getirilir. Yardımcı fiilden sonra cümlenin öznesi, I, you, he, etc. gibi bir zamir (pronoun) olarak yazılır. Olumsuz cümle yapısındaki soruya yanıt verirken, "yes" ya da "no" ile vermek istediğiniz anlama dikkat ediniz.

· It seems you have problem using this computer, doesn’t it?
  Oh, yes. I am not used to using this type.

· You are living in this neighbourhood, aren't you?
  No, I am not. I am here for a visit.

· You don't eat meat, do you?
  No, I don't.

· Your sister is still in the same company, isn't she?
  Yes, she is.

· You didn't go to work yesterday, did you?
  No, I didn't. (I didn't go to work.)

· You didn't go to work yesterday, did you?
  Yes, I did. (I went to work yesterday.)

There is / are yapısıyla kurulan cümleler için yardımcı fiilden sonra yine “there” kullanılır.

· There were a lot people at the party, weren’t there?
  Yes, there were.

· There used to be a nice park here in the past, didn't there?
  Yes, there did.

There will be too much noise in the hall today, won’t there?
Yes, there will be

· There's nothing good on TV tonight, is there?
· There is nothing that you like more than lying on a beach in the sun, is there?

Cümlenin öznesi everyone /everybody, someone /somebody, no one / nobody, anyone /anybod) gibi belgisiz zamir ise, question-tag bölümünde özne olarak “they” kullanılır.

· Everybdy passed the exam, didn't they?
  Yes, they did

· No one wants to die poor, do they?
  Of course they don't.

· Sometimes everybody wants to create something special for the others, don’t they?
· Everyone should keep some private task away from the public eye, shouldn’t they?
· Nobody was able to survive the Morocco plane crash, which occurred due the heavy fog, were they
· Somebody can always be found that volunteers such dirty affairs, can’t they?
· Everyone will accept the idea of helping, won't they?

Cümlenin öznesi everything, something, nothing gibi bir özne ise, “question tag” bölümünde özne olarak “it” kullanılır.

· No thing is ready for tonight's party, is it?
  I am araid not.

· Everything must be ready in time, mustn't it?

Cümlenin öznesi this, that gibi bir özne ise, “question tag” bölümünde özne olarak “it” kullanılır, these, those ise “they” kullanılır.

· This will work, won't it?
· Those are the new fotballers, aren’t they?

Cümlede no, none, neither, nothing, nobody, no one, scarcely, barely, hardly, hardly ever, seldom, never gibi olumsuz anlam taşıyan bir sözcük varsa, cümle anlamca olumsuz olduğu için, question-tag bölümünde yardımcı fiil olumlu olur.

· I can never do it right, can I?
· We have never seen that, have we?
· She never says anything to anyone,
· Not many people came to the lecture.
· We'd never have known, would we?
· No one minds if I smoke,
· Neither of them won anything at the casino,did they?

Question tag’ları emir cümleleri ile de kullanabiliriz. Kullandığımız bu ifadeler, emir, davet, kızgınlık, vs gibi durumları ifade edebilir. Kullandığımız emir cümlesi bir davet anlamı içeriyorsa “question tag” bölümünde “won't”, emir anlamı içeriyorsa “can”, “can't”, “will”, “would” kullanımı tercih edilir.

· Take a seat, won't you? (Polite Order)
· Help me, can you? (quite friendly)
· Help me, can't you? quite friendly (some irritation)
· Close the door, would you? (quite polite)
· Do it now, will you? (less polite)
· Don't forget, will you?

Olumlu ya da olumsuz emir cümlelerinde, question tag bölümünde “will you?” kullanılır. Ancak, olumsuz cümlelerde “will you?” Kullanımı genellikle tercih edilir.

· Don't forget to shut the windows, will you?
· Don't forget to let me know you have arrived safely, will you?
· Don't make any noise, will you?
  Okay, we'll try not to.

· Try to be on time for the date, will you?
  I certainly will.

“Cümlemiz “Let's ....”biçiminde bir yapı ile kurulmuş ise cümlede “question tag” “shall we“dir.

· We are getting late. Let's go, shall we?
· Let's meet in front of the cinema, shall we? Good idea.
· Let’s play a game of tennis in the afternoon, shall we?
  Why not?

“Had better” cümlesinde question tag “hadn’t better” olur.

· He'd better do it, hadn't he?
· We had better stop at the next oil station, hadn't we?
· You had beter leaeve now, hadn’t you?

Sahiplilik ifade eden cümlelerde “has / have” yada “do / does” kullanılabilir.

· Your father has a bad back ache, hasn’t he / doesn’t he?

Elips cümlelerde (kısaltılmış cümlelerde) nesne ye bağlı öğe question tag da kullanılır.

· Nice day, isn’t it?
· Handsome boy? İsn’t he?
· A rude girl, isn’t she

Bileşik cümlelerde ana cümlenin özneleri ve yardımcı filleri yukarıda açıklanan kurallar doğrultusunda kullanılarak question tag ile onay sorusu sorulur.

· She had said she wouldn't come, hadn’t she?
· But you will tell me if she calls, won't you?
  I don't think so.
· Whatever the weather is like, your husband plays golf on Sunday afternoons, doesn't he?
· The teacher was angry when when none of the student knew tha answer, wasn’t he?
· Now that the have baby, they hardly ever come to visit us any more, do they?
· According to what it says in the brochure, that must be our hotel over there, mustn’t it?
· Judging from what the boss told you yesterday, you need’t finish this report today, need you?

Taq question cümleleri, onaylamayı sorduklarından dolayı, kendi kendimize onay veremeyiz. Bu yüzden de, İsim cümleciklerinde (noun Clause) özne birinci tekil şahıs (I) yada ikinci tekil şahıs (we) ile başlamış ise ana cümlenin özneleri ve yardımcı fiilleri question tag için kullanılmaz, bunun yarine “noun clause” un öznesi ve yardımcı fiili kullanılır.

· We have the opinion that nobody can climb that steep hill, can they?
· I don't think anyone will argue against our proposal, will they?
· I don't suppose anyone's seen my bag, have they?
· I expect he'd like a whisky, wouldn’ t he?

Bu tür cümlelerde ister ana cümle ister yan cümle olumsuz olsun, question tag olumlu olur.

· I don’t suppose (that) you are serious, are you?
· I suppose (that) you are not serious, are you?
· I can’t belive anyone will turn down the company’s offer, will they?
· I believe he wasn’t at the party, was he?
· I don’t suppose you know the reason why Shelia was fired, do you ?

But, otherwise, however, or, yet gibi geçiş ifade eden kelimelerin arkasından gelen cümlenin yapısı temel alınarak question tag kullanılır.

· They offered a good salary, but you didn’t accept, did you?
· He doesn’t study, so he will probobly fail, won’t he?

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